SHOCK ABSORBER CONSTRUCTION Bore Size Bore size is the diameter of the piston and the inside of the pressure tube. Generally, the larger the unit, the higher the potential control levels because of the larger piston displacements and pressure areas. The larger the piston area, the lower the internal operating pressures and temperatures. This provides […]
SHOCK ABSORBER DESIGN There are two basic shock absorber designs in use today: the two-tube design and the mono-tube design. The conventional shock absorber is illustrated in Fig. 2. Notice that it has two tubes. The inner tube is known as the pressure or working cylinder, while the outer tube is known as the reserve
WHAT SHOCK ABSORBERS DO Let’s start our discussion of shock absorbers with one very important point: Despite what many people think, conventional shock absorbers do not support vehicle weight. Instead, the primary purpose of the shock absorber is to control spring and suspension movement. Shock absorbers are basically oil pumps. As shown in Fig. 1,
STRUT DESIGN Typically, struts consist of a coil spring to support the vehicle’s weight, a strut housing to provide structural support for the assembly, and a damping unit within the strut housing to control spring and suspension movement. The bottom of the strut usually attaches to the steering knuckle, and the top of the strut
WHAT STRUTS DO Purpose of Struts In the mid 1970s, domestic automakers began the transition from producing large rear-wheel drive vehicles to producing lighter, more fuel-efficient front-wheel drive vehicles. Along with this transition came many changes to the typical suspension system. For decades, the majority of passenger cars came equipped with short-arm/long-arm suspension systems, which
STEERING SYSTEMS The typical steering system used on passenger cars and light trucks is called a parallelogram system because all the pivot points are paralleled. This allows each wheel to be flexible and to travel independently. The conventional parallelogram system consists of the following: pitman arm idler arm tie-rod ends centre link adjusting sleeves Another
SPRING DESIGN Before discussing spring design, it is important to understand sprung and unsprung weight. Sprung weight is the weight supported by the springs. For example, the vehicle’s body, frame, motor, and transmission would be sprung weight. Unsprung weight is the weight that is not carried by the springs, such as the tyres, wheels and
REAR SUSPENSION Just as we discussed with front suspensions, there are two types or rear suspensions: dependent and independent. Dependent Rear Suspensions There are two major types of dependent rear suspension: the solid axle used on rear-wheel drive vehicles, and the beam axle used on front-wheel drive vehicles. Solid Axle, Leaf Spring The solid axle
MAIN COMPONENTS At this point it’s easy to understand that the main components of a moving vehicle’s suspension system are the struts, shock absorbers, springs, and tyres. Struts are a major structural member, while shock absorbers are a major component. The struts and shock absorbers control, or damp, excessive spring and suspension movement. The springs
HISTORY OF SHOCK ABSORBERS Early vehicle manufacturers began finding solutions to the problems of steering and passenger comfort. The front wheels were attached to the axle using steering spindles and kingpins, which allowed the wheels to pivot while the axle remained stationary. And the up and down oscillations of the leaf springs were damped by
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